Robert M. Veatch - The Basics of Bioethics

Robert M. Veatch - The Basics of Bioethics
Prentice Hall, 2000
180 str.
mehka vezava
stanje: dobro, podpis.

Contents
List of Cases
List of Figures
Preface
Chapter 1 The Hippocratic Oath and Its Challengers: A Brief History
The Hippocratic Tradition
The Hippocratic Oath
Modern Codes in the Hippocratic Tradition
The Collapse of the Hippocratic Tradition
Codes and Oaths That Break with the Hippocratic
Tradition
Sources from Outside Professional Medicine
Summary
Key Concepts
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Defining Death, Abortion, and Animal Welfare: The Basis of Moral Standing
Persons, Humans, and Individuals:
The Language of Moral Standing
The Concept of Moral Standing
Moral and Nonmoral Uses of the Term Person
Moral and Nonmoral Uses of the Word Human
Defining Death
A Cardiac Definition of Death
A Whole-Brain-Oriented Definition of Death
A Higher-Brain Definition of Death
Definitions and Moral Standing
Abortion
Symmetry between Definition of Death and Abortion Possible Basis for a Breakdown in the Symmetry
The Moral Status of Nonhuman Animals
Key Concepts
Bibliography
Chapter 3 Problems in Benefiting and Avoiding Harm to the Patient
What Counts as a Benefit?
Subjective vs. Objective Estimates of Benefit and Harm
Medical vs. Other Personal Benefits
Conflicting Goals within the Medical Sphere
Bentham and Arithmetic Summing
Ways to Balance Benefits and Harms
Comparing the Ratio of Benefits to Harms
First of All, Do No Harm
The Problem of Medical Paternalism
Key Concepts
Bibliography
Chapter 4 The Ethics of Respect for Persons: Breaking Promises, Cheating, and Lying and Why Physicians
Have Considered Them Ethical
The Principle of Fidelity
Different Concepts of Duty
Theories of Conflict Resolution
The Ethics of Confidentiality
The Principle of Autonomy and the Doctrine of Informed Consent
The Concept of Autonomy
Positive and Negative Rights
Informed Consent and Its Relation to the Principle of Autonomy and Therapeutic Privilege
Standards of Disclosure for Consent to Be Adequately Informed
The Principle of Veracity: Lying and the Duty
to Tell the Truth
The Change in Physician Attitudes
Accounting for the Change in Attitudes
Key Concepts
Bibliography
Chapter 5
The Principle of Avoidance of Killing
Active Killing vs. Allowing to Die
Distinguishing Active Killing from Allowing to Die New Legal Initiatives for Physician-Assisted Suicide
Stopping vs. Not Starting
The Distinction between Direct and Indirect Effects
The Distinction between Ordinary and Extraordinary Means
The Meaning of the Terms
The Criteria for Classifying Treatments
as Morally Expendable
The Subjectivity of All Benefit and Harm Assessments
Withholding Food, Fluids, CPR, and Medications
Key Concepts
Bibliography
Chapter 6
Death and Dying: The Incompetent Patient 101
Formerly Competent Patients
The Principle of Autonomy Extended
Substituted Judgment
Going Beyond Advance Directives
Mechanisms for Expressing Wishes
Issues to be Addressed in an Advance Directive
Never-Competent Patients without Family or Other Pre-existing Surrogates 110
The Principles
The Legal Standard
Who Should Be the Surrogate?
Never-Competent Patients with or Other Pre-existing Surrogates
Family
What Is the Standard Underlying This Family Discretion?
Key Concepts
Bibliography
lon of Resources. Chapter 7 The Social Ethics of Medicine. Transplantation, and Human Subjects Research 118
The Need for a Social Ethic for Medicine
The Limits of the Ethics of Individual Relations
The Social Ethical Principles for Medical Ethics
Ways of Reconciling Competing Claims
Allocation of Health Care Resources
The Demand for Health Care Services
The Inevitability of Rationing
Ethical Responses to the Pressures for Cost Containment
The Role of the Clinician in Allocation Decisions
Organ Transplantation
Is Performing Transplants "Playing God"?
Procurement of Organs
Organ Allocation
Research Involving Human Subjects
Distinguishing Research and Innovative Therapy
Social Ethics for Research Involving Human Subjects
Resolving Conflicts among Principles in Research
on Human Subjects
Key Concepts
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Human Control of Life: Genetics, Birth Technologies, and Modifying Human Nature 150
The Human as Created and as Creator
Medical Manipulation as Playing God
Having Dominion over the Earth
Genetics and the Control of Human Reproduction
Genetics
New Reproductive Technologies
Key Concepts
Bibliography
Appendix
Hippocratic Oath
Principles of Medical Ethics (1980) of the American
Medical Association
Index


Nonfiction, 0130839760

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